The Parthian Wars were a series of conflicts between the Roman Republic and the Parthian Empire that occurred from the 1st century BCE to the 3rd century CE. These wars were primarily fought over control of territories in the region of modern-day Iraq and Iran, as both empires sought to expand their influence. Key battles included the Battle of Carrhae in 53 BCE, where the Romans suffered a significant defeat. The wars were marked by shifting alliances and territorial changes, with notable Roman leaders like Crassus and Trajan involved in the campaigns. Ultimately, the conflicts contributed to the long-standing rivalry between Rome and Parthia, influencing the political landscape of the ancient Near East.