The term "Parthian" refers to the ancient civilization that existed in what is now northeastern Iran, known as the Parthian Empire. This empire thrived from the 3rd century BCE to the 3rd century CE and was known for its significant role in trade along the Silk Road and its conflicts with the Roman Empire. The Parthians were skilled horsemen and archers, which contributed to their military success. The Parthian culture was a blend of various influences, including Persian, Greek, and Central Asian elements. They are also recognized for their unique art and architecture, particularly the use of archways and vaults. The Parthian language, part of the Iranian languages, was used in administration and literature during their reign.