"Papal Controversies" refer to disputes and disagreements involving the Pope, the leader of the Roman Catholic Church. These controversies can arise from various issues, such as church doctrine, political influence, or moral teachings. Throughout history, different Popes have faced criticism for their decisions, which sometimes sparked significant debates among believers and non-believers alike. One notable example is the Avignon Papacy, where several Popes resided in France instead of Rome, leading to questions about their authority. Another controversy involves the Pope's stance on social issues, such as abortion and same-sex marriage, which often creates tension within the church and society.