The Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) is a South African political party founded in 1959. It emerged as a breakaway group from the African National Congress (ANC) due to ideological differences, particularly regarding the approach to achieving freedom for black South Africans. The PAC advocates for African nationalism and emphasizes the importance of African identity and unity. The PAC is known for its role in the anti-apartheid struggle, particularly through the Sharpeville Massacre in 1960, where police opened fire on a peaceful protest. The party's philosophy is rooted in the ideas of Pan-Africanism, which seeks to unify African people and promote their interests globally.