Painting techniques refer to the various methods artists use to apply paint to a surface, creating different effects and textures. Common techniques include brushwork, where brushes of various shapes and sizes are used to create strokes; glazing, which involves applying thin layers of transparent paint; and impasto, where paint is applied thickly to create a three-dimensional texture. Other techniques include wash, a method using diluted paint for a translucent effect, and stenciling, where shapes are cut out to create patterns. Each technique can be combined or modified to achieve unique artistic expressions, allowing for endless creativity in the world of painting.