Pain modulation refers to the processes that influence how pain is perceived and experienced by the body. This can involve both physiological and psychological factors, including the nervous system's response to pain signals. Various mechanisms, such as the release of neurotransmitters like endorphins, can help reduce the sensation of pain. Additionally, pain modulation can be affected by external factors, such as medications, physical therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy. These interventions can alter the way pain is processed in the brain, leading to improved pain management and overall quality of life for individuals experiencing chronic pain.