Paenibacillus larvae is a type of bacteria that primarily affects honeybees, specifically their larvae. It is the causative agent of American foulbrood, a serious disease that can devastate bee colonies. The bacteria can survive in the environment for many years, making it challenging to control once it infects a hive. Infected larvae typically die before they can pupate, leading to the collapse of the colony if not managed. Beekeepers often monitor their hives for signs of this disease and may use antibiotics or other methods to prevent its spread. Proper hive management is essential to protect bee health.