PM2.5 refers to particulate matter that is 2.5 micrometers or smaller in diameter. These tiny particles can originate from various sources, including vehicle emissions, industrial discharges, and natural events like wildfires. Due to their small size, PM2.5 can penetrate deep into the lungs and even enter the bloodstream, posing significant health risks. Exposure to PM2.5 is linked to a range of health issues, including respiratory diseases, cardiovascular problems, and premature death. Monitoring PM2.5 levels is crucial for public health, as it helps inform policies aimed at reducing air pollution and protecting vulnerable populations, such as children and the elderly.