Air pollution refers to the presence of harmful substances in the atmosphere, which can adversely affect human health and the environment. Common pollutants include particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur dioxide, often resulting from industrial activities, vehicle emissions, and burning fossil fuels. The effects of air pollution are far-reaching, contributing to respiratory diseases, cardiovascular problems, and even premature death. Additionally, it can harm wildlife and damage ecosystems. Efforts to combat air pollution include stricter regulations, promoting renewable energy, and increasing public awareness about the importance of clean air.