PCR (중합효소 연쇄 반응) is a laboratory technique used to amplify specific segments of DNA. It allows scientists to create millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence, making it easier to study and analyze. The process involves repeated cycles of heating and cooling, which separate the DNA strands and enable the binding of short DNA primers. During PCR, a special enzyme called DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides to the primers. This method is widely used in various fields, including genetics, forensics, and medical diagnostics, to detect genetic material and identify organisms.