P53 is a crucial protein in the human body that acts as a tumor suppressor. It helps regulate the cell cycle, ensuring that cells do not divide uncontrollably. When DNA is damaged, P53 can trigger repair mechanisms or initiate programmed cell death, known as apoptosis, to prevent the propagation of faulty cells. Mutations in the P53 gene are commonly associated with various types of cancer, making it one of the most studied genes in oncology. Understanding how P53 functions and how its pathways can be manipulated is essential for developing targeted cancer therapies and improving treatment outcomes.