P-orbitals are a type of atomic orbital that can hold a maximum of six electrons. They are shaped like dumbbells and are oriented in three different directions: along the x, y, and z axes. Each p-orbital is designated as px, py, or pz, corresponding to their orientation in three-dimensional space. P-orbitals are found in the second energy level and higher, playing a crucial role in the chemical bonding of elements. In the context of the quantum mechanical model of the atom, p-orbitals are essential for understanding how atoms interact and form molecules. They are involved in the formation of covalent bonds, where electrons are shared between atoms. The presence of p-orbitals influences the shape and properties of molecules, making them fundamental to chemistry.