The equation P = \rho gh describes the relationship between pressure ( P ), density ( \rho ), gravitational acceleration ( g ), and height ( h ). In this formula, pressure is the force exerted per unit area, density represents the mass of a substance per unit volume, and height is the vertical distance from a reference point, typically the surface of a fluid. This equation is commonly used in fluid mechanics to calculate the pressure at a certain depth in a liquid, such as water or oil. It shows that pressure increases with greater depth due to the weight of the fluid above.