Outer ear infections, also known as otitis externa, occur when the skin of the outer ear canal becomes inflamed or infected. This condition can be caused by bacteria, fungi, or irritants such as water, dirt, or chemicals. Symptoms often include itching, redness, swelling, and pain in the ear canal, which may worsen when pulling on the outer ear. Treatment typically involves cleaning the ear canal and using prescribed ear drops to reduce inflammation and fight infection. In some cases, oral antibiotics may be necessary. Preventive measures include keeping the ears dry and avoiding inserting objects into the ear canal.