The Osage Indian murders refer to a series of crimes that took place in the 1920s in Oklahoma, targeting members of the Osage Nation. After oil was discovered on their land, the Osage people became extremely wealthy, leading to jealousy and greed from others. Many Osage individuals were killed under suspicious circumstances, often for their money. The investigation into these murders revealed a conspiracy involving local white residents, including some who were supposed to protect the Osage. This tragic chapter in American history highlighted issues of racism and exploitation, ultimately leading to reforms in how Native American affairs were managed by the government.