Orthogonality is a concept that originates from mathematics and refers to the idea of two vectors being perpendicular to each other. In a two-dimensional space, this means that the angle between the vectors is 90 degrees. When vectors are orthogonal, their dot product equals zero, indicating that they do not influence each other in any way. This property is essential in various fields, including physics and engineering, where it helps simplify complex problems. In addition to mathematics, orthogonality is also significant in computer science, particularly in signal processing and machine learning. In these areas, orthogonal functions or features can be used to ensure that different components do not interfere with one another, leading to more efficient algorithms and clearer data representations. This principle helps in organizing information and improving the performance of systems.