Orthogonal vectors are vectors that meet at a right angle, meaning they are perpendicular to each other. In a two-dimensional space, this can be visualized as two lines intersecting at 90 degrees. Mathematically, two vectors are orthogonal if their dot product equals zero. This property is essential in various fields, including geometry, physics, and computer science. In linear algebra, orthogonal vectors play a crucial role in simplifying calculations and solving problems. They are often used in vector spaces to create orthonormal bases, which are sets of vectors that are both orthogonal and of unit length. This concept is fundamental in applications like machine learning and signal processing.