An orthogonal basis is a set of vectors in a vector space that are mutually perpendicular to each other. This means that the dot product of any two different vectors in the set is zero. Orthogonal bases simplify many mathematical operations, such as projections and transformations, making calculations easier and more intuitive. In the context of linear algebra, an orthogonal basis can be derived from any basis using the Gram-Schmidt process. When the vectors in an orthogonal basis are also of unit length, they are referred to as an orthonormal basis. This concept is widely used in various fields, including computer graphics and signal processing.