The Gram-Schmidt process is a mathematical technique used to orthogonalize a set of vectors in a vector space. This means it transforms a set of linearly independent vectors into a new set that are mutually perpendicular, making them easier to work with in various applications, such as in linear algebra and numerical analysis. The process involves taking each vector in the original set and subtracting the projections of that vector onto the previously orthogonalized vectors. This results in a new vector that is orthogonal to all the others. The Gram-Schmidt process is essential for simplifying problems in vector spaces and is widely used in computer graphics and signal processing.