An Orthogonal Array is a structured arrangement of numbers used in statistics and experimental design. It helps researchers efficiently explore multiple factors and their interactions by ensuring that each combination of levels appears equally across the array. This systematic approach allows for a balanced representation of different conditions in experiments. These arrays are particularly useful in fields like quality control, agriculture, and software testing. By using orthogonal arrays, researchers can minimize the number of experiments needed while still obtaining reliable and comprehensive results, making it a valuable tool for optimizing processes and understanding complex systems.