Orpheu was a literary and artistic movement that emerged in Portugal in the early 20th century, specifically around 1915. It was characterized by its avant-garde approach, challenging traditional forms of expression in literature and art. The movement sought to break away from realism and embraced modernism, focusing on individual experience and emotional depth. The name Orpheu comes from the Greek mythological figure Orpheus, known for his poetic and musical talents. The movement was closely associated with the publication of a magazine called Orpheu, which featured works from prominent writers and artists, including Fernando Pessoa and Mário de Sá-Carneiro.