Orhan I was the second ruler of the Ottoman Empire, reigning from 1281 to 1362. He was the son of Osman I, the founder of the empire, and played a crucial role in expanding its territory in northwestern Anatolia. Under his leadership, the Ottomans captured key cities, including Bursa, which became the first major capital of the empire. Orhan I is also known for establishing a more organized government and military structure. He introduced the timar system, which granted land to soldiers in exchange for military service, helping to strengthen the empire's control over its territories and laying the groundwork for future expansion.