The Orenburg Cossacks are a group of Cossacks originally formed in the late 18th century in the Orenburg region of Russia. They were established to protect the southern borders of the Russian Empire and to facilitate the expansion into Central Asia. The Orenburg Cossacks played a significant role in military campaigns and were known for their cavalry skills. Over time, the Orenburg Cossacks developed a distinct culture, blending Russian and local traditions. They maintained a unique social structure and were granted certain privileges, such as self-governance. Today, the legacy of the Orenburg Cossacks is celebrated in regional folklore and cultural events.