An optocoupler is an electronic component that transfers electrical signals using light waves. It typically consists of a light-emitting diode (LED) and a photodetector, such as a photodiode or phototransistor, housed together. When an electrical signal activates the LED, it emits light, which is detected by the photodetector, allowing the signal to pass without direct electrical connection. This isolation helps protect sensitive components from high voltages or noise. Optocouplers are widely used in various applications, including power supplies, signal isolation, and data communication. They are essential in circuits where electrical isolation is necessary, such as in microcontrollers interfacing with high-voltage systems. Their ability to prevent interference and ensure safety makes them valuable in modern electronics.