Optimal control is a mathematical approach used to determine the best possible way to manage a dynamic system over time. It involves finding a control policy that minimizes or maximizes a certain objective, such as cost, energy, or time, while adhering to specific constraints. This technique is widely applied in various fields, including engineering, economics, and robotics. The process typically involves formulating a cost function that quantifies the performance of the system and using differential equations to model its behavior. By applying methods like dynamic programming or the Pontryagin's Maximum Principle, optimal control helps in making informed decisions that lead to the desired outcomes efficiently.