Optical spectroscopy is a technique used to analyze the interaction between light and matter. It involves measuring the light emitted, absorbed, or scattered by a sample to determine its composition and properties. This method is widely used in various fields, including chemistry, physics, and biology, to study materials at the molecular level. The process typically involves shining light, such as visible light or ultraviolet light, onto a sample and observing the resulting spectrum. Each substance has a unique spectral fingerprint, allowing scientists to identify and quantify different components. Optical spectroscopy is essential for applications like environmental monitoring, medical diagnostics, and material science.