One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is a statistical method used to compare the means of three or more groups to determine if at least one group mean is significantly different from the others. It helps researchers understand if variations in data are due to different treatments or conditions rather than random chance. In a One-Way ANOVA, the data is divided into groups based on one independent variable. The analysis calculates the variance within each group and between the groups, allowing researchers to assess whether the differences in group means are statistically significant. This method is widely used in experiments and studies across various fields.