Olfactory receptors are specialized proteins located in the nasal cavity that detect odor molecules. These receptors are part of the olfactory system, which is responsible for the sense of smell. When odor molecules bind to these receptors, they send signals to the brain, allowing us to identify and differentiate various scents. There are approximately 400 different types of olfactory receptors in humans, each tuned to specific odor molecules. This diversity enables the detection of a wide range of smells, contributing to our ability to enjoy food, recognize environments, and even trigger memories associated with certain scents.