Old Catholicism
Old Catholicism refers to a branch of Christianity that emerged in the late 19th century as a response to the dogmatic definitions of the First Vatican Council, particularly the doctrine of papal infallibility. Old Catholics sought to maintain traditional Catholic beliefs while rejecting the authority of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church's centralization of power.
The Old Catholic Church is characterized by its commitment to the sacraments, apostolic succession, and a more decentralized governance structure. It emphasizes the importance of local communities and encourages a more inclusive approach to theology and practice, often aligning with progressive social values.