The "Old Belief" refers to a traditional branch of the Russian Orthodox Church that emerged in the 17th century. It arose in response to reforms introduced by Patriarch Nikon, which aimed to standardize church practices. Many believers resisted these changes, leading to a schism and the formation of the Old Believers, who sought to preserve the original rituals and texts of the church. Old Believers maintain distinct religious practices, including unique liturgies and the use of older church books. They often live in isolated communities, emphasizing traditional values and lifestyles. Despite facing persecution, they have managed to preserve their beliefs and cultural identity over the centuries.