Occlusion Culling is a technique used in computer graphics to improve rendering efficiency. It works by determining which objects in a 3D scene are not visible to the camera because they are blocked by other objects. By not rendering these hidden objects, the system can save processing power and improve frame rates. This method is particularly useful in complex scenes with many overlapping objects. By reducing the number of polygons that need to be drawn, Occlusion Culling helps create smoother and more responsive experiences in video games and simulations, allowing for more detailed environments without sacrificing performance.