Numerical simulations are computer-based methods used to model and analyze complex systems by solving mathematical equations. They allow scientists and engineers to predict how things will behave in real life, such as the weather, the flow of fluids, or the behavior of materials under stress. By using numerical simulations, researchers can explore scenarios that might be difficult or impossible to test in the real world. These simulations rely on algorithms and computational power to approximate solutions. For example, in climate science, numerical simulations help forecast future climate conditions by analyzing vast amounts of data. Similarly, in engineering, they can simulate the performance of structures, ensuring safety and efficiency before construction begins.