Numerical models are mathematical representations used to simulate real-world systems and processes. They rely on numerical methods to solve equations that describe physical phenomena, such as weather patterns, ocean currents, or structural behavior. By inputting data into these models, researchers can predict future outcomes and analyze complex interactions within the system. These models are widely used in various fields, including meteorology, engineering, and environmental science. They help scientists and engineers understand how systems behave under different conditions, allowing for better decision-making and planning. Numerical models can also be validated against real-world observations to improve their accuracy and reliability.