Numerical classification is a method used in statistics and data analysis to categorize items based on numerical attributes. This technique involves grouping data points into classes or categories based on their numerical values, allowing for easier analysis and interpretation. It is commonly applied in fields such as machine learning, bioinformatics, and market research. In numerical classification, algorithms like k-nearest neighbors or support vector machines are often employed to assign labels to new data points based on their proximity to existing classified data. This process helps in making predictions and understanding patterns within datasets, enhancing decision-making and insights across various applications.