Nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) is a type of virus that primarily infects insects, particularly those in the order Lepidoptera, which includes moths and butterflies. It belongs to the family Baculoviridae and is known for its unique structure, where the virus forms polyhedral occlusion bodies that protect it in the environment. These occlusion bodies can remain stable for long periods, allowing the virus to infect new hosts when ingested. NPVs are significant in biological control, as they can help manage pest populations in agriculture. They are considered environmentally friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides, as they specifically target insect pests without harming beneficial insects or other wildlife. Researchers continue to study NPVs for their potential in sustainable pest management strategies.