"Notes from Underground" is a novella by Russian author Fyodor Dostoevsky, published in 1864. It is considered one of the first existentialist works, presenting the thoughts of an unnamed narrator who lives in St. Petersburg. The story is divided into two parts: the first explores the narrator's introspective musings on society, free will, and his own alienation, while the second recounts his interactions with others. The narrator, often referred to as the "Underground Man," expresses deep cynicism and bitterness towards the world around him. Through his reflections, Dostoevsky delves into themes of isolation, morality, and the complexities of human nature, making the novella a significant exploration of psychological and philosophical ideas.