Non-Member States are countries or territories that are not members of a specific international organization, such as the United Nations or the European Union. These states may have varying degrees of participation in international affairs and can still engage in diplomatic relations, trade, and treaties with member states. Some Non-Member States may have special status, such as observer status, which allows them to attend meetings and participate in discussions without full membership rights. Examples include Taiwan and Palestine, which have unique political situations that affect their recognition and participation in global governance.