The Nguyen dynasty was the last ruling dynasty of Vietnam, reigning from 1802 to 1945. Founded by Emperor Gia Long, it established its capital in Hue and sought to consolidate power and unify the country. The dynasty faced numerous challenges, including internal strife and foreign invasions, particularly from the French. During its rule, the Nguyen dynasty implemented various reforms in administration, culture, and education. However, increasing colonial pressure led to the loss of sovereignty, culminating in the French colonization of Vietnam. The dynasty officially ended when Emperor Bao Dai abdicated in 1945, marking a significant shift in Vietnamese history.