Newcastle disease is a contagious viral infection that primarily affects birds, especially domestic poultry like chickens and turkeys. It is caused by the Newcastle disease virus, which belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family. The disease can lead to severe respiratory issues, nervous system disorders, and high mortality rates in infected flocks. The virus spreads through direct contact with infected birds or contaminated environments, such as feed and water. Vaccination is a common preventive measure used in poultry farming to control the spread of Newcastle disease. Early detection and management are crucial to minimize losses in affected populations.