Newcastle, New South Wales, is a coastal city located about 160 kilometers north of Sydney. It is known for its beautiful beaches, including Nobbys Beach and Merewether Beach, which attract both locals and tourists. The city has a rich history, originally established as a penal colony in 1804, and features several historic sites, such as Fort Scratchley. The economy of Newcastle is diverse, with key industries including coal mining, shipping, and education. The city is home to Newcastle University and offers a vibrant arts scene, with galleries, theaters, and music festivals. Its picturesque harbor and surrounding natural beauty make it a popular destination for outdoor activities.