A New Zealand electorate is a defined geographical area that elects a representative to the New Zealand Parliament. Each electorate is responsible for selecting a Member of Parliament (MP) during general elections, which occur every three years. The number of electorates can change based on population shifts, ensuring fair representation. Electorates can be either general electorates or Māori electorates. General electorates are open to all voters, while Māori electorates are specifically for individuals of Māori descent. This system allows for diverse representation and ensures that the voices of different communities are heard in the legislative process.