New materials refer to innovative substances that are engineered to have specific properties and applications. These materials can include composites, nanomaterials, and biomaterials, which are designed to improve performance, reduce weight, or enhance durability. They are often used in various industries, including aerospace, automotive, and electronics, to create products that are more efficient and sustainable. The development of new materials is driven by advances in science and technology, allowing researchers to manipulate the structure at the molecular or atomic level. This can lead to breakthroughs in areas such as renewable energy, where materials like perovskite solar cells offer improved energy conversion efficiency, or in medicine, where biocompatible materials are used for implants and drug delivery systems.