The New Guinea Highlands is a mountainous region located in the central part of New Guinea, the world's second-largest island. This area is characterized by rugged terrain, deep valleys, and high peaks, with elevations reaching over 4,500 meters (14,800 feet). The highlands are home to diverse ecosystems, including tropical rainforests and alpine grasslands. The region is inhabited by various indigenous groups, each with unique cultures and languages. The New Guinea Highlands is known for its rich biodiversity, including many endemic species of plants and animals. Agriculture, particularly the cultivation of sweet potatoes, is a vital part of life for the local communities.