Neville Chamberlain was a British politician who served as Prime Minister from 1937 to 1940. He is best known for his policy of appeasement towards Nazi Germany in the lead-up to World War II. Chamberlain believed that negotiating with Adolf Hitler could prevent another large-scale conflict, which led to the signing of the Munich Agreement in 1938. Chamberlain's approach was initially popular, but it faced criticism as Germany continued its aggressive expansion. After the invasion of Poland in 1939, he declared war on Germany, marking the end of his appeasement policy. He resigned in 1940, succeeded by Winston Churchill.