Neuronal structures are the specialized components of neurons, which are the fundamental units of the nervous system. Each neuron consists of three main parts: the cell body, which contains the nucleus; dendrites, which receive signals from other neurons; and the axon, which transmits electrical impulses away from the cell body to communicate with other neurons or muscles. The axon may be covered by a fatty layer called myelin, which helps speed up signal transmission. Neurons communicate at junctions known as synapses, where neurotransmitters are released to relay messages to adjacent neurons. These structures work together to facilitate complex processes like thought, movement, and sensation.