Neural circuits are networks of interconnected neurons that work together to process and transmit information in the brain and nervous system. These circuits can be simple, involving just a few neurons, or complex, involving thousands of them. They play a crucial role in various functions, including sensory perception, motor control, and cognitive processes. The connections within neural circuits are formed through synapses, where neurons communicate using chemical signals called neurotransmitters. Neuroplasticity allows these circuits to adapt and change over time, which is essential for learning and memory. Understanding neural circuits is vital for advancing treatments for neurological disorders and improving brain-computer interfaces.