Nerve cells, or neurons, are specialized cells in the nervous system that transmit information throughout the body. They communicate through electrical impulses and chemical signals, allowing for rapid responses to stimuli. Each neuron consists of a cell body, dendrites that receive signals, and an axon that sends signals to other cells. Neurons are essential for various functions, including movement, sensation, and cognition. They form complex networks, connecting with other neurons, muscles, and glands to coordinate bodily functions. The health of nerve cells is crucial for overall well-being, as damage to these cells can lead to neurological disorders.