Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia is a common condition in newborns, characterized by elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment produced during the breakdown of red blood cells. In newborns, their immature liver may struggle to process bilirubin efficiently, leading to jaundice, which is the yellowing of the skin and eyes. Most cases of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia are mild and resolve without treatment. However, severe cases can lead to complications, such as kernicterus, a form of brain damage. Treatment options include phototherapy, where the baby is exposed to special lights that help break down bilirubin, and in some cases, blood transfusions may be necessary.