Neo-Kantianism is a philosophical movement that emerged in the late 19th century, primarily in Germany. It seeks to revive and reinterpret the ideas of the philosopher Immanuel Kant, focusing on the importance of human experience and the limits of knowledge. Neo-Kantians emphasize the role of the mind in shaping our understanding of reality, arguing that our perceptions are influenced by inherent structures of thought. The movement is often divided into two main schools: the Marburg School, which focuses on epistemology and the philosophy of science, and the Southwest School, which emphasizes ethics and culture. Neo-Kantian thinkers aimed to address contemporary issues by applying Kant's ideas to modern philosophy, science, and social theory.