A needle plate is a flat metal component found on sewing machines, located beneath the needle. It serves as a surface for the fabric to rest on while sewing and has a small hole for the needle to pass through. The needle plate helps guide the fabric and ensures accurate stitching. Additionally, the needle plate often features markings that assist in measuring seam allowances. It is an essential part of the sewing machine, working in conjunction with other components like the presser foot and feed dogs to create even and precise stitches.